Convert between mAh, Ah, Wh, V, W, A with full explanations and examples
Convert milliamp-hours (mAh) and voltage (V) into watt-hours (Wh) to estimate energy capacity.
Formula: Wh = (mAh × V) / 1000
Example: 5000mAh at 3.7V = 18.5Wh
Convert watt-hours (Wh) to milliamp-hours (mAh) to estimate capacity at a specific voltage.
Formula: mAh = (Wh × 1000) / V
Example: 18.5Wh at 3.7V = 5000mAh
Convert amp-hours (Ah) and voltage (V) into watt-hours (Wh) for larger battery systems.
Formula: Wh = Ah × V
Example: 2Ah at 12V = 24Wh
Convert watt-hours (Wh) to amp-hours (Ah) to check battery discharge capacity.
Formula: Ah = Wh / V
Example: 60Wh at 12V = 5Ah
Convert watts (W) and voltage (V) into current (A) for load analysis.
Formula: A = W / V
Example: 120W at 12V = 10A
Convert current (A) and voltage (V) into power (W) to estimate energy use.
Formula: W = A × V
Example: 2A at 5V = 10W
Convert apparent power (kVA) to real power (kW) using the power factor (PF).
Formula: kW = kVA × PF
Example: 50 kVA at PF 0.8 = 40 kW
Convert real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) using the power factor (PF).
Formula: kVA = kW ÷ PF
Example: 40 kW at PF 0.8 = 50 kVA
Convert power (kW) to energy (kWh) based on usage time in hours.
Formula: kWh = kW × hours
Example: 2 kW for 5 hours = 10 kWh
Convert energy (kWh) to power (kW) based on usage time in hours.
Formula: kW = kWh ÷ hours
Example: 10 kWh used over 5 hours = 2 kW
mAh represents how much charge a battery can deliver over time. It’s commonly used to describe the capacity of smaller batteries such as those in smartphones or portable devices. Higher mAh means longer battery runtime, assuming the same voltage.
Wh measures the total amount of energy stored in a battery. It accounts for both capacity and voltage, making it a more accurate way to compare batteries of different voltages. 1Wh means a device can consume 1 watt of power for one hour.
Ah is typically used for larger batteries like those in power stations or EVs. It tells you how many amps a battery can deliver continuously over one hour. Multiply Ah by voltage to get Wh.
Voltage is the potential difference that drives electrical current. Different batteries and devices operate at different voltages—common values include 3.7V (lithium-ion), 12V (car battery), or 5V (USB power).
Ampere (or amp) measures the flow of electrical current. A higher current means more electricity is flowing through a circuit per second. Current depends on both voltage and resistance/load.
Watt is a unit of power. It represents the rate of energy use or production. It is calculated as W = V × A. For example, a 100W light bulb uses 100 watts of energy per second while on.
kVA is a unit of apparent power in an electrical system. It combines both real power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR) without considering the power factor. kVA is commonly used in generator, transformer, and UPS capacity ratings.
kW is a unit of real power — the usable power that performs actual work such as running a motor, lighting a bulb, or powering appliances. kW = kVA × Power Factor (PF).
kWh is a unit of energy representing the total work done over time. One kWh means using 1 kW of power for 1 hour. It’s commonly used in electricity bills to measure energy consumption.
PF is a number between 0 and 1 that represents how efficiently electrical power is converted into useful work. A PF of 1 means all the supplied power is being used effectively, while a lower PF means more power is wasted in reactive components like motors and transformers.